197. London, British Library, Cotton Galba A. xiv (with Cotton Nero A. ii, Part 1) Private devotional miscellany
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Abstract
197. London, British Library, Cotton Galba A. xiv
(with Cotton Nero A. ii, Part 1) Private devotional miscellany
[Ker 157, Gneuss 333]
HISTORY: Prayers for private, informal, or non-liturgical use. Includes litanies, hymns, computus texts, medical recipes, etc., most in Latin and some in OE. Eleven leaves from this book have migrated to British Library, Cotton Nero A. ii. There is a blending of Roman and Insular elements found in other A-S prayer books, such as the Book of Cerne (Cambridge, University Library, Ll.1.10). Comparable in physical dimensions, contents, apparent purpose but not in date to British Library, Royal 2. A. xx, Harley 2965, and Harley 7653. From the table on f. 9r of Nero A. ii for a 19-year lunar cycle pertinent to 1029-1047 and from the calculations for sun and moon on f. 2v of Galba A. xiv pertinent to 1034-1035, 1029, and 1040, the date can be placed in the 1030s or a little later (see Muir 1988: xv-xiv). Probably made at Winchester (note the reference to "wentana," f. 132v/8); Bishop (1918: 387-88) notes several prayers that seem to relate to Newminster. Many texts relate to the regular monastic life. Masculine and feminine grammatical forms suggest a house of nuns and chaplains or canons. Bishop (1918: 390) and Muir (1988) place it at St. Mary's convent, Winchester (Nunnaminster). Lapidge (1991: 70) thinks it may have been written at Winchester for a dependent nunnery, such as Shaftesbury. Badly burnt in fire of 1731. Leaves now mounted separately in frames.
CODICOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: [iii] + 154 ff. + [iii]. There are three foliations: [*1]+ 2-155 [+ iii] (the only complete one and the one used here); a presently disordered and cancelled one, [3] + 1-61, 120, 62, 68, 63, 71, 80, 128, (skip three) 72, 64-65, 75, 66, 76-79, 67, 69-70, 73, 74, 81-119, 121-127, 129-137, + [13] (both these foliations are in pencil of 19c, and about contemporary with one another, if not by the same hand); and an earlier, intermittent one (made soon after the fire?), written in lead well into the page in different places (cf. f. 48r, "92" above 1. 13; 65r, "108" on 1. 11) that has the pages in an order completely different from that of the present bound book.
Approximate size 138 x 103 mm. Writing area of best-preserved leaves is 122 x 85 mm., with 11-18 long lines per page (the litanies and some hymns are written on carefully prepared two-column pages). Many folios are completely illegible, and water damage has darkened the edges of many leaves. There are many hands, some Insular, some Anglo-Caroline, ranging from practiced to incompetent. On f. 26v are interlineations in what appears to be an early modern hand imitating Anglo-Caroline minuscule. Muir (1988: xvi) speculates that texts were written into an already bound blank book as they came to hand.
COLLATION: Collation is impossible because the leaves have been separately mounted in paper frames. The following leaves (at least) are incorrectly presented:
Reversed: 17, 19, 145, 148, 150
Out of order: 59, 75, 86, 87, 88
Reversed and out of order: 146, 147, 149
Upside-down: 73
CONTENTS: (the entire manuscript ed. Muir 1988: 27-191, 209-15; reconstructions of damaged letters, in square brackets, from this ed. unless otherwise noted; three asterisks indicate damaged and irrecoverable sections of text):
1. f. 2r Computational text: lncipit computatio Grecoru<m> de mensi bus anni.
2. f. 2v Computational table in three columns <for "saltus lune" and "cursus solaris").
3. ff. 3i-4v/4 Prayer to God the Father: 'D<omi>ne d<eu>s om<ni>p<ote>ns rex regum' (ed. Birch 1887: 2.332; this text is item 6 in Nero A. ii).
4. ff. 4v/5-6r/7 'Æla þu drihten æla þu æl | rellmihtiga god' [OE translation of item 3] <ed. Birch 1887: 2.333).
5a. f. 6r/8-13 OE prayer introduction 'Đis gebed man sceal singan' to the following item:
5b. f. 6v Latin prayer: 'Suscipe s<an>c<t>a trinitas has obla |tiones'.
6. ff. 7r-19v Latin verse abecedarium in 24 sections, attributed to Colum Cille: 'Altus prosator uetus | [d]ierum et ingenitus'. The initials are not filled in for the following sections "N" <f. 13v/6), "O" <f. 14r/7), "Z" <f. 18v/11), "D" <f. 19v/11) <an extensive but damaged OE marginal text on ff. 7rv 'for••• englas hio awurpon of heo|fenas'; ed. Muir 1988: 215). [Ff. 17 and 19 are reversed, recto to verso; the proper ending of the text is at bottom of f. 19r 'quern angelor<um> mili<us> | consociabit d<omi>n<u>s'.]
7. ff. 20r-21r/3 Latin abecedarium hymn attributed to Colum Cille 'Adiutor laborantiu<m> bonor<um> rector omniu<m>'. [Simple neumes or accents throughout.]
8. ff. 21r/4-24r/3 Prayer: 'D<OMI>NE exaudi orationem | quia iam cognosco quod | tempus meu<m> p<ro>pe est'. [Parts of this text and even more of the next item have been traced over and notated by a later, finer pen in a hand imitating Anglo-Caroline script.]
9. ff. 24r/4-27v/4 Prayer: 'Peccaui d<omi>ne. et nimis pecicaui in homine’.
10. ff. 27v/5-28v/4 lncipit epistola saluatoris d<omi>ni n<ost>ri ie<s>u chr<ist>i ad abagaru<m> rege<m>.
11. ff. 28v/5-36r Prayer to Christ and the Apostles: 'D<OMI>N<E> ie<s>u chr<ist>e qui dedisti |potestatem apostolis | tuis infirmos curare'.
12. ff. 36v-37r/7 ORATIO S<AN>C<T>I IOHANIS BAPTIST[E] |'S<anct>e iohannis baptista qui | sp<irit>u & uirtute heli<a>e fuis[ti]'.
13. ff. 37r/8-38r/4 Prayer: 'S<an>c<tu>s petrus princeps ap<osto>lor<um>| miserere mihi quia *** ar|bitriu<m> tuu<m> reliquit d<eu>s'.
14 f. 38r/4-38v/6 Prayer: 'D<omi>ne ie<s>u chr<ist>e qui de hoc mundo transisti ad patre<m>'.
15. f. 38v/6-12 Prayer: 'S<an>c<t>e petre ap<osto>lę tue. suppl[e]x queso ut mihi indigno adiuues' [ends imperfectly].
16. ff. 39r-45r/7 ORATIO AD PATRIARCHIS ET PROPHETI | 'Dominator d<omi>ne d<eu>s om<ni>p<oten>s . | qui es trinitas una'. [Main hand changes on f. 39v; a later hand has retraced, added, and altered words throughout the text, and perhaps is responsible for the numerous erasures.]
17. ff. 45r/8-52v/14 Prayer, with introductory rubric: In quacumq<ue> . die cantauerit hom[o] | 'hanc orationem nee diabolus nee | ullus homo inpedime<n>tu<m> ei facere | poterit et quod petierit *** | dabitur ei D<omi>ne ie<s>u chr<ist>e qui in hunc |mundu<m> p<ro>pter nos peccato || res'. [Several main hands; several contemporary Latin glosses.]
18. ff. 52v/15-57r Prayer: lncipit confessio 'Deus inestimab[ili]s miseri cor|die & inm<en>se pietatis'.
19. f. 57v Incipits and rubrics. [The same texts appear on f. 114v as item 57.]
20. ff. 59rv, 58n-62r [Text begins on f. 59r, which belongs before f. 58.] Collects to the seven penitential psalms (6, 31, 37, 50, 101, 129, 142) in the Roman Psalter. [These leaves are heavily damaged and largely illegible.]
- 59r/l-12 Exordium: 'D<omi>ne ne *** a usq<ue> in fin<em>'.
- 59r/12-59v/14 Coll. to Ps. 6: COLL<ECTA> [OREMVS] | 'Exauditor om<n>iu<m> d<eu>s exaudi n<ost>ro<r>u<m> | fletum'.
- 59v/14-58r/10 Coll. to Ps. 31: COLL<ECTA> . OREM<VS> | 'S<an>c<te> d<omi>ne qui remissis'.
- 58r/1�58v/18 Coll. to Ps. 37: COLL<ECTA> OREM[VS] | 'Emitte d<omi>ne salutare tuu<m>'.
- 58v/17 (margin), 60r-60v/11 Coll. to Ps. 50: COLL<ECTA> . OREM<VS> '[D]<omi>ne miserationes tuas ***’.
- 60v/11-61r/13 Coll. to Ps. 101: COLL<ECTA> OREMVS 'Exorabilis d<omi>ne intende in o | [rationem su]pplicu<m>'.
- 61r/14-61v/15 Coll. to Ps. 129: COLL<ECTA> OREMVS | '[l]ntendant q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne pietatis [tue]'.
- 61r/15-62r Coll. to Ps. 142: [CO]LL<ECTA> [OR]EM<VS> | 'D[eus qui matutinam sacre] resur | [rectionis]'. [Last five lines of text on f. 62r in another hand; a Latin note on bottom right of the leaf; see Muir, 79, n. 32.]
21. ff. 62v-63v Prayers and collects for Eastertide (badly damaged by water, incipit from Muir): Coll<ecta> O[remus]. 'D(eus) qui nos re[surr]ectionis annua | dominice soll<em>pnitate letificas'. [F. 64r blank.]
22. ff. 64v-65v Fragments of prayers, f. 65rv mostly illegible; see Muir, 82.
23. ff. 75rv, 66r-70r/6 Prayer: 'D<omi>ne d<eu>s m<eu>s om<ni>p<oten>[s ego | h]u<mi>liter te ado[ro]'. [F. 75 out of place.]
24. f. 70r/7-70v Prayer: 'D<omi>ne qui me fecisti & uitam meam | dedisti quando de fonte crucis'. [Alternative forms throughout; in the incipit: me > te; fecisti > fecit; meam > tua; dedisti > dedit.]
25. f. 71rv Fragments of prayers and collects (incipit illegible; see Muir, 88).
26. f. 72r Latin charm "contra pedum dolorem" with OE instructions; incipit from Muir, depending on Wanley 1705: 231: Wiđ fot[oþe singe man] þas fers ærest : S<anct>a Marina'.
27. ff. 72v-74r Damaged collects on fragmentary leaves: St. Brigid, f. 72v, top; St. Ælfheah f. 73r, 6 lower lines (see Muir, 9�94). [F. 73 mounted upside down, f. 74v blank; paleographically and decoratively, items 27 through 50 form a suite.]
[f. 75 belongs before f. 66 (item 23).]
28. ff. 76r-79v, 86r/1 Litany (on pages ruled for double columns; incipit damaged; see Lapidge for reconstruction) [f. 86 is out of order; the explicit is at top off. 86r: hie et in p<er>[petua]] <ed. Lapidge 1991: 157-61).
29. f. 86r/2-10 Collect from "Missa pro prelatis et subditis": 'Om<ni>pot[ens sempi]terne d<eu>s' [ends imperfectly].
30. f. 86r/ll-86v/6 Collect from "Missa pro congregatione": 'Familiam huius sacri cenobii q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne'.
31. ff. 86v/7-10 Collect for the second Sunday in Lent: 'Actiones n<ost>ras q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne'.
32. ff. 86v/ll-80r/2 Collect for the Feast of the Commemoration of the Holy Spirit: 'D<eu>s cui omne cor patet ex omnis uoluntas loquitur' [ends imperfectly].
33. f. 80r/3-7 Petition: 'Defende q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne intercedente beato benedicto'.
34. f. 80r/8-80v/5 Collect from "Missa pro uiuis atque defunctis": ITE(M) ALIA 'Om<ni>p<oten>s se<m>p[itern]e d<eu>s q<u>i |uiuo ru<m> . domina[ris] simul' (cf. item 46).
35. f. 80v/6-14 Collect from "Missa pro familiaribus": 'D<eu>s qui cari tatis dona p<er> gratia<m> | s<an>c<t>i sp<iritu>s tuoru<m>'. [Explicit 'perficiant . p<er>' followed by mostly illegible fragment from bottom of f. 80v to f. 81r/2 or 3.]
36. f. 81r/4-7 Collect from "Missa in agenda mortuorum plurimorum": 'I[nuen]iant q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne [an]ime famulorum |famularu<m>que'.
37. f. 81r/8-ll Collect from "Missa pro quacumque tribulatione": 'In effabile<m> misericordia<m> tua<m> d<omi>ne'.
38. ff. 8lr/12-81v, 87r/1-7 Collect from "Missa generalis": 'S<anct>e d<e>i genitricis marie et beator<um>' [explicit:] 'sempiternum P<er>'. [F. 87 out ofplace; much off. 81v, f. 87r illegible; see Muir, 109.]
39. f. 87r/8-87v/l-6 Prayer: 'Om<ni>p<oten>s sempiterne d<eu>s respice propitius ad preces ecclesie | tue'. [Most of the text on f. 87v illegible; see Muir, 110.]
40. f. 87v/7-12 Prayer: 'D<eu>s pacis caritatisque amator et | custos da omnibus inimicis n<ost>ris | pace<m>'.
41. f. 87v/13 Collect for blessing of the ashes and mass for the penitent: 'D<eu>s qui non morte<m> sed penitentia<m> desideras peccatoru<m> populu<m>' [imperfect].
[f. 88 belongs after f. 98.]
42. ff. 82r-85r/12 "The Celtic Capitella" (incipit from Muir, 113): 'Pro [fratribus et sororibus nostri]s Pro[pter fratres] meos [et proximos] meos loquebar pacem de te ***’ [small colored initials divide the text; the text of this item on f. 85r, including a line of added text above 1. 10, has been crossed out in reddish-brown paint] (ed. Tolhurst 1942: 18-30).
43. f. 85r/13-85v/3 Collect for the first Sunday after the Octave of Christmas: 'Om<ni>p<oten>s sempiterne d<eu>s'.
44. f. 85v/4-9 Collect for the seventh Sunday after Pentecost: 'D<eu>s uirtutu<m> cuius totu<m> quod |optimu<m>'.
[ff. 86-88 are out of place: f. 86 belongs after f. 79, f. 87 after f. 81, f. 88 after f. 98.]
45. ff. 85v/10, 89r/4 Prayer: 'D<omi>ne Ie(s)u chr<ist>e filii d<e>i uiui misc irere mei peccatrice atque | culpabile' [damaged at end].
46. f. 89r/5-14 Another collect for "Missa pro uiuis atque defunctis" (cf. item 34): 'Omniu<m> s<an>c<t>or<um> intercessionibus | q<uesumu>s d<omi>ne'.
47. f. 89v/1-7 Collect for the feast of St. Benedict (beginning damaged).
48. f. 89v/8-12 Prayer for King Æþelred: 'Da q<uesumu>s om<ni>p<oten>s d<eu>s anima<m> famuli tui I Æþelredi regis . requie<m>'.
49. ff. 90r-97v Litany (on pages ruled for double columns); beginning
illegible (ed. Lapidge 1991: 161-71).
50. ff. 98r-102v Confession: [I]ncipit confessio | inter presbiteros : | 'Ego confiteor tibi pater celi I et terre coram hoc altare' [incipit added].
51. f. 103rv Ratpert of St. Gall, hymn, "Ardua spes mundi": U(ersus) in letania mai<ore> | 'A[rdua spes] mun | di [solidator | et inc]lite celi' [written in two columns, with interlinear nuemes] (on text and tradition, see Stotz 1972: 36-72).
52. ff. 104r-105v/2 OE confessional prayer: 'In naman [þære hal]g[an]ynesse þ[æt i]s fæder [and sunu and se] halga gast' (ed. Banks 1965: 208-9 [reconstructions his]; also Brackman 1965: 272-73).
53. ff. 105v/3-107v OE prayers for six monastic hours: 'MIN DRIHTEN / hælend crist . ic do pe pancas [eal] Ira þara goda' (ed. Banks 1965: 210; also Braekman 1965: 273).
54. f. 108r-108v/8 Prayer: 'Meis culpis d<omi>ne uenia<m> peto t<ib>i'.
55. ff. 108v/9-110r/4 Prayer: 'D<omi>ne le<s>u chr<ist>e mane cu<m> surrex|ero intende in me'. [blank line between this item and the next.]
56. ff. 110r/6-114r "Adoro te," Good Friday prayers for the veneration of the Cross (appears in "Regularis concordia"; cf. Symons 1953: 43) in alternating Latin and OE sections (OE translating preceding Latin): P<salmus> D<omi>ne 'ne in furore tuo' (ed. Gjerløw 1961: 25-28).
57. ff. 114v-117v Liturgical incipits and biblical verses associated with Trinity Sunday (same incipits as item 19 with added biblical verses; see Muir, 147).
58. f. 118r/1-7 OE myrrh remedy: 'To gehealden[ne lichoman hrelo mid] | drihtnes gyfe þis is æþele læcedom'.
59. f. 118r/8-118v/7 OE myrrh remedy: 'Þ[onne] is eft se æđelesta lrecedom wi[đ] | þa<m> ylcan' (cf. Cockayne 1864-1866: 2.294-96; also Meaney 1984: 24o-41).
60. f. 118v/8-17 Prayer: 'D<OMI>NE IE<S>U CHR<IST>E QUI lntro itum portaru<m> [hi]erusale<m> saluans' [ending imperfect].
61. f. 119rv Short prayers by three hands: (a) 'D<eu>s qui sup[plicium tuorum uota]'; (b) 'Via s<an>c<t>orum omnium d<omi>ne'; (c) 'Confiteor deo & omnib<us>'. An alphabet is scribbled on f. 119v/9-10 by the third hand.
62. ff. 120r-121v/1 "Benedicite" (= Daniel 3.57-81, 83-88): 'Ben[ed]icite omnia oper[a] d<omi>ni d<omi>n<u>m' (ends damaged at top of f. 121v: '[in secula] ***’; see Muir, 156).
63. ff. 121v/2-125v/7 "The Athanasian Creed": 'Qui[cumque u]ult saluus | esse ante omnia opus <est> | ut teneat catholica<m> fidem'. [Items 62and 63 form a stylistic suite both in layout and decoration that set them apart from item 61c.]
64. f. 125v/8 Prayer for vigil of feast of St. Ađelwold: s<an>c<t>i ađeluuoldi episcopi | 'Deus qui preclari sideris | s<an>c<t>i pontificis Aþelwoldi inlu stratione'.
65. ff. 125v-129r/3 Unidentified fragment(s) of intercessory prayer(s): 'S<anct. *** S<anct>e Machute *** episcopus |egregi'. [Mentions also SS. Cyprian and Rustinus, Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Mary; hand changes on f. 126v and f. 127r.]
66. ff. 129r/4-130r/4 Prayers before and after communion: (a) ante communione<em>|'D<omi)ne s<an>c<t>e pat<er> om<ni>p<oten>s'; (b) 129r/12 post communione<m>. |’*** obsecro d<omi>ne ie<s>u chr<ist>e hoc sacra|***aduisos *** misericordia'.
67. ff. 130r/5-132r Blessings for the monastery, i.e., In coquina, In cellario, In caminata, In refectorio, In donnitorio: 'E[xau]di nos d<omi>ne s<an>c<t>e pater om<ni>p<oten>s aeterne | d<eu>s et mittere dignare angelum | tuum'.
68. f. 132v Unidentified hymn (begins imperfectly, first line almost gone): 'astor adest di*** I spes ara *** '; [explicit:] 'Loripedes rectos statiu[ens] | lumina cecis e[xaudi] *** [line lost] Qui duce ***' [neumed; f. 133r blank].
69. f. 133v Verses from Psalm 68.
[ff. 134r-139v too badly damaged to determine the contents. See Muir, 168, for comment and 209-12 for partial transcription. According to Muir, f. 136 is out of place, belonging either after f. 139 or f. 151. The text is OE, the incipit, from Wanley 1705: 231, was 'Đas cræftas syndon be 'đam deore þe we urum geđeode Broe hatađ'.]
70. f. 140r Petition: 'Da *** confessores | uirgines et omnes s<an>c<t>i dei'. [f. 140v damaged beyond identification.]
71. f. 141rv Biblical verses, mostly illegible (Muir, 170).
72. f. 142rv Unidentified hymnn(s): ‘Qui passione *** propter *** | domine miserere nobis - ' [neumed] (see Muir, 171, 212).
[ff. 143rv and 144r mostly illegible; see Muir, 172, 212.]
73. f. 144v Collects (?) beginning imperfectly: 'gestans munera *** | lita rite crucis sit'
[ff. 146, 145, 149 reversed and out of order.]
74. f. 146v Petition to St. Ceadd: 'beatissimi pontificis ceadd[e] I in sorte iustorum tu[orum]'.
75. ff. 146r, 145v, 145r, 149v/9 Mass prayers for feast of St. Michael: 'Benedicte d<omi>n<u>m om<ne>s | [angeli] eius potentes | uirtues'.
76. ff. 149v/10, 149r/1-8 Collect for feast of SS. Dionysius, Rusticius, and Eleutherius: 'D<eu>s qui hodierna die beatum | dionisium'.
78. ff. 149r/9-10, 148v/1-4 (f. 148 reversed) Collect for the feast of an Apostle: 'Exaudi d<omi>ne populum tu[um] | *** s<an>c<t>i cristofori'.
79. ff. 148v/5-10, 148r/1-5 Collect from a mass in honor of St. Machu tus: 'Om<ni>p<oten>s sempiterne d<eu>s maies|tatem tuam suppliciter | exoramus ut intercessio |ne beato Machuti'.
80. f. 148r/6-10 Prayer for feast of St. Stephen: 'Sacratissimum s<an>c<t>i stephani proto|martyris' [ends imperfectly].
81. f. 147v/1-4 (f. 147 reversed) Fragment on St. Andrew.
82. ff. 147v/5-11, 147r/1-3 Collect for the feast of the Invention of St. Stephen: 'D<eu>s qui ad celebrandum | [n]obis honorabile presentis diei'.
83. ff. 147r/4-14, 150v, 150r/1-8 Various prayers for the feast of St. Edmund. [F. 147r, lower part, written in a smaller hand than usual, perhaps added later.]
84. ff. 150r/9-14, 151r/1-6 Fragmentary prayer for matins offeast of St. Dunstan: be s<an>c<t>e dunstane | 'D<eu>s qui hodierna di[e] s<an>c<tu>m pont|ificem Dunstanum'.
85. f. 151r/7-13 Fragments pertaining to St. Milburg's Day.
86. f. 151v Illegible fragments of a prayer to St. Ælgyfe (see Muir, 189, 213).
[f. 152r illegible; see Muir, 213.]
87. f. 152v/l-4 Fragment concerning St. Hemma (see Muir, 190).
88. f. 152v/5-10 Collect for the feast of St. Patrick: 'D<eu>s [qui] s<an>c<t>um Patrici<um> |episcopu<m> [tua] prouiden[tia] |elegisti'.
[ff. 153r-155v are mostly illegible; see Muir's partial transcripts, 213-14.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
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Birch, Walter de Gray, ed. Cartularium Saxonicum. London: Whiting, 1887.
Bishop, Edmund. "About an Old Prayer Book." In Liturgica Historica: Papers on the Liturgy and Religious Life of the Western Church, 384-91. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1918; repr. 1962.
Braekman, W. "Some Minor Old English Texts." Archiv 202 (1965): 271-76.
Cockayne, Oswald, ed. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England. 3 vols. Rolls Series, 35. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1864-1866; repr. Wiesbaden: Kraus, 1965.
Gjerløw, Lilli. Adoratio Crucis: The Regularis Concordia and The Decreta Lanfranci; Manuscript Studies in the Early Medieval Church of Norway. Oslo: Norwegian Universities Press, 1961.
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Lapidge, Michael, ed. Anglo-Saxon Litanies of the Saints. Henry Bradshaw Society, 106. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1991.
Meaney, Audrey L. "Variant versions of Old English medical remedies and the compilation of Bald's Leechbook.." Anglo-Saxon England 13 (1984):
Muir, Bernard James, ed. A Pre-Conquest English Prayer Book (BL MSS Cotton Galba A.xiv and Nero A.ii (ff. 3-13)). Henry Bradshaw Society, 103. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1988.
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