(Essen-) Werden, Kath. Propstegemeinde St. Ludgerus, Fragmente Nr. 2. Fragments of Glossaries ("The Werden Glossary") with Diisseldorf, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, MS. Fragm. Kl9:Z9/I [124a], Köln-Rath (private collection of C. Fiingling) [ 149a], Miinchen, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Cgm. 187 (e. 4) [325), [Munster, Universitätsbibliothek Paulinianus 271] [329]

Abstract

484. (Essen-)Werden, Kath. Propsteigemeinde St.

Ludgerus, Fragmente Nr. 2.

Fragments of Glossaries ("The Werden Glossary")

with Diisseldorf, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek,

MS. Fragm. Kl9:Z9/I [124a],

Köln-Rath (private collection of C. Fiingling) [ 149a],

Miinchen, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek

Cgm. 187 (e. 4) [325],

[Munster, Universitätsbibliothek Paulinianus 271] [329]

[Ker App. 39, Gneuss --]

HISTORY (for the later, divergent histories of fragments at other locations see the individual descriptions):

A now-dispersed collection of glossaries of the early 9c, containing parts of three distinct glossaries of A-S pedigree, having numerous interpretations derived from A-S, many in OS and OHG incarnations (see Digilio 2011: 377-84). "[A)s it originally existed, the 'Werden Glossary' was a large-format, carefully-executed volume of at least 112 leaves ... :' (Doane 2006: 55). Twenty-six leaves are known to have survived into the 20c: fragments are now in Werden [ 484] (? leaves), in Dusseldorf [124a] (a quire of 8 leaves), Munich (325] (4 leaves), and Kain-Rath [149a] (1 partial leaf); 6 leaves once at Munster (329] were destroyed in World War II.I n its original form it contained an alphabetically complete copy of the glossary "Werden B': better-known as the "Second Amplonian'' or "Erfurt 2" (now more fully preserved in Erfurt Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek, MS. Amplonianus 2° 42 [129] ff. 14v-34v). The Werden and Erfurt copies are textually and paleographically very closely related, both probably being produced during the reign of archbishop Hildebald ofKoln (d. 819) from a common examplar.E rfurt was probably produced in the episcopal scriptorium itself (Bischoff and Parks in Bischoff et al. 1988: 20-22). The second element in the Werden fragments are sections of the "Glossae Nominum" ("Erfurt 3/Werden C"), batches of nominals derived from a Latin-Greek glossary (partially preserved in Erfurt Amp!. 2°, ff. 34v-37v and more completely in the 13c manuscript Cambridge, Peterhouse 2.4,6). The third element in Werden consists of fragments of a unique glossary known as "Werden A:' "Werden Pt and " B" are closely related to the "Corpus/Leiden" family of glossaries ultimately deriving from the Canterbury school of Theodore and Hadrian in the late 7c (Doane 2006: 59, n. 51). The Werden glossary was produced in the Koln archdiocese, at the Abbey of St. Liudger at Werden on the Ruhr, now a suburb of Essen, on the south-western fringe of the OSspeaking area and, as mentioned already, probably in the second decade of the 9c. That all the dispersed fragments mentioned here are originally from the same manuscript is guaranteed by the unity of script and format, continuity of texts, history of the dispersion of the fragments, and the logic of a hypothetical reconstruction of the complete manuscript (see below). A single scribe wrote the text of all the extant fragments in a well-formed and distinctive carolingian minuscule with insular features derived from the script developed at Corbie in the late 8c (see Bischoff and Parkes in Bischoff et al. 1988: 21). The manuscript was probably broken up and incorporated into various bindings in the 15c or 16c.

The considerable collection of books once at Werden (now chiefly located in Berlin and Diisseldorf, see Stiiwer 1980, passim, Kramer 1989: 826-28, Barker-Benfield 1991) was from the 15c gradually sold off and cannibalized for binding materials. The Munich fragment is from a incunable published in 1488 (see description to 325). When the monastery ofWerden was dissolved in 1803 the approximately 11,000 remaining, mostly printed, books were finally dispersed. All of the surviving fragments of the "Werden Glossary" were recovered from bindings and the extant bifolia (i.e., those in Werden, Diisseldorf, Munich) show the same type of treatment and style of binding typical of the late-medieval Werden library and in association with materials indicating that the manuscript was probably broken up in the 15c. The fragments of the "Werden Glossary" preserved at Werden itself (two complete bifolia, two singletons, and two fragments from a single leaf) had been used in the binding of three different items.

Learning of the existence of the "Werden Glossary" in late 1893 or early 1894 from H. Jostes, H. Gallee managed to have the Werden and Munster fragments sent to him in Utrecht and to describe and edit them in a hasty appendix to his Altsaechsische Sprachdenkmaeler of 1894 (330-64), and in about 1900 they were consulted in situ by Paul Wessner, the student of George Goetz, who later published a rough transcript (Goetz 1923: 164). Ker ( Cat., 483-84) assumed that the leaves of Werden [ 484] were still accessible at Werden about 1957, but when J.D. Pfeifer sought them for inclusion in the EEMF facsimile of the Werden glossary in the mid-l 980s they had gone missing and were therefore not published with the other "Werden Glossary" fragments in 1988. Slightly later they were found in a safe in the attic of the Werden Pfarrhof by the Probst Dr. Heinrich Engels and Archivist, Johannes Fischer. Besides the glossary fragments, about 500 medieval items (all fragments released from bindings) were in the safe, mostly parish records and the like, but including several dozen items of Carolingian date. The recovered fragments were briefly noticed by Freise 1993: 1.44. The correct identification of the glossary-parts at Werden was made by Gerhard Karpp, of the University of Leipzig, in 1995 (p.c.). The present describer visited them in 1996 (see Doane 2006: 42-45). At that time the fragments were kept loose in an ordinary manila envelope in very dry conditions in the Pfarrhof office.