A closer look at factors influencing self-esteem: Associations with depression, disordered eating, and global self-esteem

Abstract

Low self-esteem is a risk factor for various psychological disorders, including depression and eating disorders (EDs). Many factors (e.g., quality of relationships, personal achievements, physical appearance) may influence an individual’s global self-esteem, and these factors, as well as their relative impact on self-esteem, vary from person to person. Those with EDs tend to rely on shape and weight as the primary determinant of their self-esteem. However, there is limited research exploring self-esteem composition for those with non-eating-related psychopathology. Additionally, there is limited literature investigating the effects of basing self-esteem on factors other than shape and weight. To help fill this gap in knowledge, we recruited undergraduate students (N = 537) between the ages of 18-25 from Simon Fraser University, in Burnaby, Canada. Participants completed the SAWBS, alongside questionnaires about their mental health. Findings showed that basing a larger portion of self-esteem on intimate or romantic relationships was related to fewer symptoms of disordered eating. Basing self-esteem on competence at school and work was related to fewer symptoms of disordered eating as well as higher self-esteem. Further, basing a larger portion of self-esteem on personality, friendships, or personal development was related to better mental health. Findings from this study may be used in the development or refinement of self-esteem interventions, allowing clinicians to maximize intervention effects by providing specific areas for interventions to target.